Environmental impact (SCI)

Estimated on 2026-10-26.

mutmut used 5.5 times less runner time than cosmic-ray (56 s against 309 s) and killed 71.2 % of the mutants against 77.1 %.

Estimated gCO2eq of one mutation run, by grid intensity

us-east1 (579 g/kWh)us-east5 (343 g/kWh)
cosmic-raycosmic-ray, us-east1 (579 g/kWh): 0.272 gCO2eq per run0.272cosmic-ray, us-east5 (343 g/kWh): 0.161 gCO2eq per run0.161mutmutmutmut, us-east1 (579 g/kWh): 0.049 gCO2eq per run0.049mutmut, us-east5 (343 g/kWh): 0.029 gCO2eq per run0.029
Table view
Itemus-east1 (579 g/kWh) (gCO2eq per run)us-east5 (343 g/kWh) (gCO2eq per run)
cosmic-ray0.2720.161
mutmut0.0490.029
Source: CI job seconds from docs/submission/mutation-tools-measurement.md; coefficients and grid data from docs/adr/0009-measure-sustainability-with-sci.md

Runner time of one mutation run

cosmic-raycosmic-ray, Job seconds: 309 seconds309mutmutmutmut, Job seconds: 56 seconds56
Table view
ItemJob seconds (seconds)
cosmic-ray309
mutmut56
Source: CI job seconds measured on the runner, docs/submission/mutation-tools-measurement.md

Method and limits

SCI = (O + M) per R, with O = E x I, as the Green Software Foundation specification defines it. The numbers come from scripts/sci_estimate.py, written by the Duo Developer Flow, and the inputs are printed here.

Energy per run
ToolJob secondsEnergy (Wh)Mutants killed (%)
cosmic-ray3090.46977.1
mutmut560.08571.2
Assumptions behind every number
AssumptionValue
vCPUs of the runner2
CPU utilization0.5
Watts per vCPU, minimum and maximum0.71 and 4.26
PUE1.1
Grid intensity, gCO2eq per kWhus-east1 579, us-east5 343
Embodied emissions (M)0 g, not estimated
Functional unit (R)1 mutation run